Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41284182›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2026

Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure, and incidence of childhood (0-19 years) malignant and non-malignant brain tumour in a US population-based dataset, 2000-2021.

Mark P Little, Jim Z Mai, Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan, Martha S Linet, Michelle Fang, Pavel Chernyavskiy, Victoria Kennerley, Elizabeth K Cahoon, Myles G Cockburn, Gerald M Kendall and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mark P LittleRadiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA. mark.little.icl@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0980-7567
Jim Z MaiRadiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA.
Jill S Barnholtz-SloanCenter for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA.
Martha S LinetRadiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA.
Michelle FangRadiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA.
Pavel ChernyavskiyDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0717, USA.
Victoria KennerleyBiostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA.
Elizabeth K CahoonRadiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA.
Myles G CockburnDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
Gerald M KendallCancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
Michael G KimlinFaculty of Health and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, 4229, Australia.

Funding

Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute Intramural Research Program
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brain tumour is the second most common type of childhood cancer and the most common solid tumour in children, but its aetiology is largely unknown. Some previous studies have suggested that elevated ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposures decrease brain tumour risk, but the evidence is inconsistent. We conducted a cross-sectional study (with census-derived population counts) to assess age < 20 malignant/non-malignant brain tumour incidence overall and for major categories in Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results 2000-2021 data, using ground-based UVR-irradiance measures, via quasi-likelihood models accounting for over/under-dispersion, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity and other socioeconomic variables. There were 29,088/18,585 cases of malignant/non-malignant brain tumour, with generally significant decreasing trends of both types of tumour with UVR irradiance [relative risk (RR) = 0.754/mW/cm

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsEnvironmental ExposureRadiation ExposureSunlightUltraviolet RaysAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornMaleNeoplasms, Radiation-InducedChildhoodNon-ionising radiationSolar radiation, brain tumourUltraviolet radiation

Identifiers

PMID41284182
PMCPMC13222178

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.