ArticleEpidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Genetic Diversity and Temporal Shifts of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Type 2 (PRRSV-2) Strains in Japan (2020-2023): Evidence of Modified Live Vaccine Influence on Cluster Distribution.
Article in Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Reverse genetics approach for arteriviruses using circular polymerase extension reaction.Access microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2 (PRRSV-2) remains a significant threat to swine production globally, including Japan. While the genetic diversity of PRRSV-2 has been reported previously, the potential association with modified live vaccines (MLVs) is not well understood. This study aimed to characterize PRRSV-2 strains currently circulating in Japan and assess possible links with MLVs.
methodsA total of 1190-nucleotide open reading frame 5 sequences of PRRSV-2 were collected across Japan between 2020 and 2023, and phylogenetic analyses were performed to classify genetic clusters. Additionally, correlations between cluster distribution and MLV usage were examined, using sequences detected in the Kanto region.
resultsPhylogenetic analysis revealed that 48.5% of the sequences belonged to Cluster III, with a median nucleotide identity of 88.2% to the Japanese reference strain EDRD-1. Notably, the sequence identity between the strains detected in this study and EDRD-1 was significantly lower than that of strains identified in 1992-1993 (
conclusionsThese findings demonstrated the temporal changes in the genetic diversity of Cluster III and provided suggestions of a possible influence that MLV usage influences PRRSV-2 cluster distribution, with Clusters I and II likely representing vaccine-origin viruses. The marked heterogeneity of Cluster IV also highlights the limitations of the current cluster-based classification.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.