Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41282858›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2025

Controlled human influenza infection reveals heterogeneous expulsion of infectious virus into air.

Nahara Vargas-Maldonado, Nishit Shetty, Lucas M Ferreri, Matthew D Pauly, Kayle Patatanian, Shamika Danzy, Meredith J Shephard, David VanInsberghe, Michelle N Vu, A J Campbell and 19 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Nahara Vargas-MaldonadoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Nishit ShettyDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Lucas M FerreriDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Matthew D PaulyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Kayle PatatanianDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Shamika DanzyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Meredith J ShephardDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
David VanInsbergheDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Michelle N VuDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
A J CampbellDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Kayla BrizuelaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Vedhika RaghunathanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jin PanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Aaron J PrussinDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Anna SimsDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Hollie MacenczakDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jessica TraenknerDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Ralph TaniosDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Christelle RadiDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Veronica SmithDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Dalia GulickDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Katia KoelleDepartment of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Andrew CatchpolehVIVO, London, UK.
Alex MannhVIVO, London, UK.
Colleen S KraftDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Nadine G RouphaelDepartment of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Linsey C MarrDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Anice C LowenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Seema S LakdawalaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Funding

Yerkes National Primate Research Center Role of type-I IFN in regulating COVID-19 induced inflammation and pathogenesisP51OD011132 · OD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Joon Sup Lee · 2012 to 2026
$167.0M
NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response: Universal Influenza Vaccine Research Activities75N93021C00017 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI LOWEN, ANICE · 2021 to 2025
$27.3M
Illumina NovaSeq 6000 High Throughput DNA Sequencer for Emory UniversityS10OD026799 · OD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI BOSINGER, STEVEN EDWARD · 2019 to 2019
$985k
From exposure to infection: defining factors modulating the efficiency of influenza A virus infectionF31AI186480 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VARGAS-MALDONADO, NAHARA · 2024 to 2024
$49k
NIAID NIH HHS 75N93021C00017NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI186480NIH HHS P51 OD011132NIH HHS S10 OD026799
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Influenza virus is transmitted via respiratory expulsions, but detection of infectious virus in such expulsions has been challenging. Here, we describe quantification and genotyping of infectious virus in respiratory particles using a Modular Influenza Sampling Tunnel (MIST). The particles deposit on cell monolayers, enabling culture, quantification, and sequencing of viruses. Concomitantly, water-sensitive paper and fine particle samplers yield respiratory particle counts over a broad size range. Using the MIST, we captured infectious virus from humans experimentally infected with influenza virus on multiple days post-inoculation. The recovered respiratory particles varied in quantity over three orders of magnitude and contained viral genetic variation that was also detected in samples from infected individuals. Expulsion of infectious virus was associated with infectious viral load in saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs and with clinical symptoms. These data reveal the maintenance of viral diversity in expelled aerosols and suggest that heterogeneity among individuals in the magnitude of infectious expulsions may impact forward transmission potential.

Identifiers

PMID41282858
PMCPMC12637780

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.