ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2025
Variability of enteric pathogen infections by season and meteorological conditions in a low-income, urban setting in Mozambique.
Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Enteric pathogen transmission is influenced by seasonality and meteorological conditions, yet these relationships are not well understood. We investigated the relationships between (1) season, (2) heavy rainfall events, and (3) temperature and enteric pathogen infections among 12-month-old children in a low-income, urban setting. We analyzed household data and stool samples from 630 participants enrolled in the PAASIM Study in Beira, Mozambique collected between February 2022 and November 2023. We applied generalized estimating equations with robust standard errors to determine the association between season and weather predictors and enteric pathogen prevalence (modified Poisson (PR) for binary outcomes and linear regression (β) for continuous outcomes). During the rainy season, compared to the dry season, we found a 34% lower prevalence of protozoan infections [aPR: 0.66; 95% CI: (0.51, 0.86)], an 11% lower prevalence of co-infections [aPR: 0.89; 95% CI: (0.78, 1.00)], and lower total number of concurrent infections per individual [aβ: -0.17; 95% CI: (-0.38, 0.04)], but no meaningful difference in prevalence of bacterial infections [aPR: 0.97; 95% CI: (0.89, 1.06)] or viral infections [aPR: 0.98; 95% CI: (0.79, 1.22)]. We also saw some associations between rainy season and individual pathogen infections, including a higher prevalence of enteroaggregative
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