ArticleResearch square2025
Targeting neurobehavioral substrates of effortful control to reduce childhood anxiety: The Camp Kidpower study protocol.
Article in Research square, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Early childhood anxiety affects up to 20% of preschoolers, with long-term implications including depression, substance abuse, and suicide. Despite some success with exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), many children retain clinically significant symptoms, highlighting the need for innovative interventions. This study integrates the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and experimental medicine frameworks to target effortful control (EC)-the capacity to regulate attention and impulses-to reduce anxiety in young children through a novel intervention, Methods: This randomized clinical trial involves 90 preschoolers diagnosed with anxiety disorders, assigned to either an EC training camp or an active comparator condition (child-led play; CLP). The EC intervention incorporates play-based activities targeting selective attention, inhibitory control, and working memory, delivered over five weekly sessions with at-home practice. Anxiety and EC were assessed pre- and post-intervention using clinician ratings, parent/teacher reports, lab-based tasks, and neurophysiological measures (e.g., error-related negativity [ERN] and interchannel phase synchrony [ICPS]). Exploratory analyses include dose-response effects and moderators such as baseline EC, parental psychopathology, and child temperament. Discussion:
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