Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41282209›Full record

ArticleResearch square2025

3D Printing of Air.

Deepak Gupta, Henrique Luis Piva, Vaibhav Pal, Suihong Liu, Syed Hasan Askari Rizvi, Mecit Altan Alioglu, Yasar Ozer Yilmaz, Annie Smith, Logan Haugh, Joao Vitor Silva Robazzi and 5 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Deepak GuptaEngineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0069-7488
Henrique Luis PivaEngineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Vaibhav PalThe Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Suihong LiuEngineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Syed Hasan Askari RizviEngineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Mecit Altan AliogluEngineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Yasar Ozer YilmazEngineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Annie SmithBiomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Logan HaughThe Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Joao Vitor Silva RobazziEngineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Jade SencyThe Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Myoung Hwan KimThe Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Thomas NeubergerThe Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Francesco CostanzoEngineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.
Ibrahim T OzbolatEngineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8328-4528

Funding

High-throughput Spheroid Bioprinting Technology for Scalable Fabrication of TissuesR01EB034566 · NIBIB · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI Ibrahim Ozbolat · 2023 to 2026
$2.2M
3D Printing of Air: An Intangible Ink for Fabrication of Vascularized TissuesR01EB036245 · NIBIB · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI Ibrahim Ozbolat, DINO J RAVNIC · 2024 to 2026
$1.7M
Leveraging Microsurgery and Bioprinting for Rapidly Oriented Vascularized Tissue EngineeringR01DE035200 · NIDCR · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI Ibrahim Ozbolat, DINO J RAVNIC · 2025 to 2026
$1.3M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB034566NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB036245NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE035200
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Historically, three-dimensional (3D) printing involved depositing tangible materials onto a substrate or within a supporting medium to create solid and porous architectures. Here, we unveil 3D printing of air, an intangible and invisible ink having ~10

Identifiers

PMID41282209
PMCPMC12636748

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.