ArticleTherapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease2025
Cholecystectomy and the risk of osteoporosis and fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Comparison of Preoperative and Postoperative Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Vitamin K-Dependent Blood Coagulation Factor Profiles in Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cholecystectomy is a common surgical procedure for gallbladder diseases. Removal of the gallbladder alters bile flow and may affect the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamin D, which could influence bone metabolism. However, epidemiological studies have yielded inconsistent findings regarding its association with osteoporosis and fractures. Objectives: To systematically evaluate the association between cholecystectomy and the risks of osteoporosis and fractures, and to examine potential effect modification by age. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, cohort studies published up to June 1, 2025, were identified through comprehensive searches of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Eligible studies compared individuals who underwent cholecystectomy with non-surgical controls and reported outcomes of osteoporosis or fractures. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to age and adjustment for confounders. Results: Four high-quality cohort studies, including more than 1.5 million participants, were eligible. Meta-analysis demonstrated a modest but statistically significant increase in fracture risk after cholecystectomy (pooled HR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.10; Conclusion: Cholecystectomy may be associated with a small increase in fracture risk, particularly among younger adults, although the absolute risk remains low. Evidence for osteoporosis is inconclusive due to high heterogeneity and limited studies. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to clarify these associations and mechanisms. Trial registration: PROSPERO (CRD420251071872).
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