ReviewOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2025
Incidence of Hamstring Injury and Analysis of Risk Factors for Reinjury in Japanese Professional Football Players.
Review in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Hamstring injuries have a high incidence of reinjury. However, the risk factors for reinjury remain unknown. Purposes: To investigate the incidence of hamstring injuries in male Japanese professional football (soccer) players and identify the risk factors for reinjury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 209 Japanese professional football players were included in this study. The authors investigated the overall number, incidence, affected muscles, and locations of both hamstring injuries and reinjuries. In addition, age, history of injury, affected muscle, type of injury, time of occurrence in the season, and intramuscular tendon injury were compared between players with and without reinjury ( Results: Overall, there were 43 hamstring muscle injuries (HMIs) in 27 players. The mean incidence of injury was 0.60 (/1000 player-hours), including 2.30 (/1000 player-hours) in games and 0.35 (/1000 player-hours) during training. Among 40 legs that were treated nonoperatively, 12 developed reinjury. The reinjured muscles included the biceps femoris (BF; 9/27), semitendinosus (2/6), and semimembranosus (1/7). The locations of reinjury included the proximal third (3/13), middle third (4/17), and distal third (5/10). There was no significant difference between the reinjury and no-reinjury groups in terms of the evaluated items. However, in BF injuries, the type of injury was significantly associated with the incidence of reinjury. The rate of BF injury recurrence according to injury type was 0% (0/9) for type 1-M injuries, 67% (6/9) for type 1-T injuries, and 33% (3/9) for type 2 injuries ( Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the overall incidence of HMI in male Japanese professional football players was 0.60 (/1000 player-hours), including 2.30 (/1000 player-hours) in games and 0.35 (/1000 player-hours) during training. The rate of recurrence was 30%. In the BF, the injury type classified on magnetic resource imaging was the only factor associated with recurrence. Bleeding around the intramuscular tendon without structural tendon injury was an important factor for predicting the recurrence of BF injuries. Type 1-T injuries should be managed differently from type 1-M injuries.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.