ReviewCureus2025
The BODE (Body Mass Index, Airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise Capacity) Index in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Comprehensive Clinical Assessment Tool.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous condition with systemic effects extending beyond airflow limitation. Spirometry alone is insufficient for a comprehensive assessment. The BODE index, which integrates body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity, was developed to improve prognostication by capturing multiple dimensions of disease burden. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library up to August 2025. Eligibility was defined using the PICO framework, and risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and QUIPS tool. From 128 records, five studies comprising 2,482 patients with COPD were included. The BODE index consistently outperformed FEV₁ and GOLD staging in predicting mortality, exacerbations, and hospitalizations. Modified indices, such as the ADO (age, dyspnea, obstruction) and i-BODE (incremental shuttle walk test in place of six-minute walk distance), enhanced feasibility and calibration in primary care and rehabilitation settings. Across studies, outcome ascertainment was robust, with an overall low to moderate risk of bias. The BODE index provides a multidimensional and clinically meaningful approach to COPD evaluation, surpassing spirometry by reflecting both pulmonary and systemic disease burden. It supports better risk stratification for clinical management and research. Future studies should explore integration with biomarkers, imaging, and digital tools to refine prognostic accuracy and guide personalized care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.