Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2025
Effect of type 1 diabetes on the inflammatory response in periodontal disease.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasing globally and represents a significant public health concern. Periodontitis affects about 11% of the global population, particularly in its severe forms, and is 1.5 to 2 times more prevalent in individuals with poorly controlled T1DM. Both conditions are multifactorial, chronic, and inflammatory, sharing a bidirectional relationship: T1DM accelerates the onset and progression of periodontitis, while periodontal inflammation worsens glycemic control. Methods: This observational case-control study included adults with T1DM and metabolically healthy controls, stratified by periodontal status: healthy, gingivitis, or periodontitis. Cytokine profiles were assessed in both saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to characterize the oral immune response. Results: Significant associations were observed between T1DM and both the extent and severity of periodontal disease. T1DM patients with gingivitis exhibited increased bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD), with BOP remaining significantly elevated in those with periodontitis. GCF analysis revealed a dysregulated immune profile in T1DM patients, characterized by elevated IL-1 Discussion: Salivary IL-8 emerged as the most promising biomarker for distinguishing periodontal status in T1DM patients. Overall, these findings highlight the clinical potential of salivary immune profiling as a non-invasive tool for monitoring periodontal inflammation and assessing disease activity in individuals with T1DM.
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