ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
A multi-dimensional risk signature for lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus: integrating symptoms, biochemistry and immune cell profiles.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe organ manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Given its complex pathogenesis and heterogeneous clinical presentation, the clinical management of LN remains challenging. To identify risk factors for LN and provide new insights for its diagnosis and clinical treatment, it is essential to analyze the associations between demographic characteristics, biochemical parameters, clinical features, and immune cell profiles in SLE and LN. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 121 SLE patients, including 55 with lupus nephritis (LN-positive) and 66 without LN (LN-negative), along with 121 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters were extracted from medical records for comparative analysis. Differences between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney Results: Compared to the LN-negative cases, LN patients were younger, had higher SLEDAI-2000 scores, ESR, WBC count, 24-hour urine total protein (24h-UTP), anti-dsDNA and ANA titers (AC-1 homogeneous pattern), and Cystatin-C (CysC), but lower C3 complement levels. They exhibited cutaneous manifestations and edema more frequently and arthritis less frequently. Flow cytometry showed higher circulating lymphocytes, CD3 Conclusion: Significant differences were observed in both clinical manifestations and serological profiles between LN and LN-negative SLE patients. Notably, elevated PD-1
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