ArticleACS omega2025
Gold Nanoparticles SERS in the Nephritis Diagnosis in Lupus Patients from Urine.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder whose most severe complicationnephritis in lupus patientsdrives much of the disease's morbidity and mortality. NL is still confirmed by a renal biopsy, an invasive test unsuitable for frequent monitoring. Here, we present a rapid, minimally invasive alternative based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of urine, amplified with citrate-reduced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and interpreted by partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). We acquired SERS spectra from 235 urine samples: 72 healthy controls (C), 70 SLE patients without nephritis (L), and 93 biopsy-confirmed Nephritis in Lupus patients (NL). Three binary PLS-DA models were trained and validated by cross-validation (CV) and external prediction through the measures of sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), and accuracy (Acc): C vs L + NL: SenCV = 91.0%, SpeCV = 87.3%, AccCV = 89.8%, and external prediction accuracy = 94.8%; C + L vs NL: SenCV = 84.3%, SpeCV = 85.0%, AccCV = 84.7%, and prediction accuracy = 76.3%; and C vs NL: SenCV = 97.1%, SpeCV = 96.3%, AccCV = 96.8%, and prediction accuracy = 97.6%. Receiver-operating characteristic areas under the curve exceeded 0.96 for the best-performing models, underscoring the robust discriminatory power. Variable-importance-in-projection analysis highlighted Raman bands (260-1430 cm
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