Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41280418›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2025

A report of the in-farm variation of antimicrobial use in commercial broiler production in Pakistan using an international monitoring system based on treatment frequency.

Betty Rehberg, Sandra Brogden, Fariha Fatima, Muhammad Umair, Maria Hartmann, Julia Kschonek, Umar Farooq, Mashkoor Mohsin, Lothar Kreienbrock

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Antimicrobial usage in broiler poultry farms in Zambia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Betty Rehberg *Institute of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Sandra Brogden *Institute of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Fariha FatimaInstitute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Muhammad UmairInstitute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Maria HartmannInstitute of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Julia KschonekInstitute of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Umar FarooqNS Poultry, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Mashkoor MohsinInstitute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Lothar KreienbrockInstitute of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reducing antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal husbandry is imperative to curb the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, sustainable monitoring of AMU is essential to ensure responsible use, minimize resistance and promote long-term effectiveness. Examining the on-farm AMU in broiler production in Pakistan aimed to encourage farmers to adopt responsible antimicrobial practices, while also helping to observe trends in AMU during the fattening period as well as differences between farms. The data were obtained using the international AMU monitoring system VetCAb-ID (©TiHo Hannover, Germany). In this study, the results of monitoring four commercial broiler farms, each with 20 flocks, were investigated for a period of one year. Treatment frequency (TF) based on Used Daily Dose was used to determine flock, farm and season specific differences in AMU. Describing the relative TF of different antimicrobial classes. Shows that the use of antimicrobial classes varied between farms, among flocks within a farm and across fattening weeks within a flock. Overall, the most frequently used classes were polymyxins (27.2%), fluoroquinolones (20.4%), macrolides (17.1%) and tetracyclines (15.9%). The TF was higher in winter than in summer flocks. A statistically significant difference between summer and winter flocks could be observed in the use of fluoroquinolones (

Indexed as

Asiacritically important antibioticsfarm level monitoringlow- and middle-income countriespoultry

Identifiers

PMID41280418
PMCPMC12631274

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.