ArticleFrontiers in psychology2025
L2 growth mindset in AI-mediated language learning: effects of perceived usability and presence of generative AI chatbots.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Impact of Pedagogical Agents on Second Language Acquisition Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis Guided by Social Agency Theory.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rethinking foreign language boredom in AI-assisted learning: the hidden roles of growth mindset, AI literacy, and AI self-efficacy.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Affective pathways in human-AI interaction: the formation of willingness to communicate among Chinese KFL learners in AI-mediated informal digital learning of Korean.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Latent profiles of college students' AI literacy and their association with AI acceptance: the sequential indirect role of perceived affordances and growth mindset.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: This study examines perceived usability and presence of generative AI chatbots influence second language (L2) growth mindset in the context of AI-mediated oral learning. Methods: A SEM was tested with survey data from 530 Chinese university students engaged in AI-assisted oral English learning. The model examined direct and indirect relationships among perceived usability, presence, emotional intelligence, willingness to communicate (WTC), and L2 growth mindset. Results: Results show that perceived usability directly promotes L2 growth mindset and is indirectly influenced by WTC. Presence not only has a direct positive effect on L2 growth mindset but also has a dual positive mediating effect through emotional intelligence and WTC. Discussion: These findings suggest that AI chatbots act not only as learning tools but as cognitive partners, whose usability and immersive features foster learners' belief in the malleability of language ability. The study advances theory on technology-supported growth mindset and provides empirical evidence to inform AI-driven language learning practices.
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