Impact of direct oral anticoagulants on blood-brain barrier integrity.

Kei Sato, Yoichi Morofuji, Dohgu Shinya, Shinsuke Nakagawa, Takayuki Matsuo

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in IBRO neuroscience reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Timing of DOAC Initiation After Atrial Fibrillation-Related Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Unified Protocol Harmonizing Clinical Safety and Imaging-Based Precision in the Post-CATALYST Era.Cureus · 2026
Review

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kei SatoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.

Yoichi MorofujiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.

Dohgu ShinyaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.

Shinsuke NakagawaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.

Takayuki MatsuoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: In cerebral infarction, major prognostic factors include hemorrhagic transformation and cerebral edema, both partially associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Anticoagulation therapy, especially with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), is linked to these outcomes, suggesting that the effect of DOACs on BBB integrity may influence stroke prognosis and recovery. Methods: Two in vitro BBB models-a monolayer model and a co-culture model-were constructed using rat brain endothelial cells (RBECs), pericytes, and astrocytes. Each model was treated with one of three DOACs: apixaban, rivaroxaban, or dabigatran. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured to assess BBB integrity. Results: In the monolayer model, TEER increased significantly with 10 μM apixaban and decreased significantly with 50 μM dabigatran. In the co-culture model, a significant TEER reduction was observed in the 10 μM dabigatran group, while no significant differences were found for apixaban or rivaroxaban. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that apixaban may help preserve BBB integrity, while dabigatran at certain concentrations may compromise it.

Indexed as

ApixabanBlood brain barrierDirect oral anticoagulantHemorrhagic transformationStrokeTransendothelial electrical resistance

Identifiers

PMID41280132

DOI10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.11.007

PMCPMC12639449

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.