Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41280000›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025

A family of lethal exotoxins defined by cell entry via the Attractin receptor.

Raghuvir Viswanatha, Donghoon Lee, William R Robins, Enzo Mameli, Yanhui Hu, Ah-Ram Kim, Yousuf Hashmi, Hiroshi Nishida, Gyan Prakash, Matthew Butnaru and 4 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Raghuvir ViswanathaDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9457-6953
Donghoon LeeCollege of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325060, People's Republic of China.
William R RobinsDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Enzo MameliDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Yanhui HuDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Ah-Ram KimDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9597-6759
Yousuf HashmiDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-4486-1922
Hiroshi NishidaDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0284-5771
Gyan PrakashDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Matthew ButnaruDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Sterling ChurchmanDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Stephanie E MohrDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9639-7708
John J MekalanosDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2792-9293
Norbert PerrimonDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7542-472X

Funding

Functional genomics resources for the Drosophila - TR&D3P41GM132087 · NIGMS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI MOHR, STEPHANIE E · 2019 to 2023
$6.8M
Genetic Analysis of Toxinogenesis in Vibrio CholeraeR01AI018045 · NIAID · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI MEKALANOS, JOHN JOSEPH · 2009 to 2018
$6.7M
Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens in insect cells to characterize insecticidal toxinsR01AI170835 · NIAID · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI DONG, MIN, PERRIMON, NORBERT · 2022 to 2025
$4.2M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI018045NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI170835NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM132087
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although bacterial genomes encode numerous potential toxins, it is unclear how evolution drives the specificity of these important virulence factors. Using an insect CRISPR screen, we identified the transmembrane protein Attractin (ATRN) as the receptor for Nigritoxin (Ntx), a Vibrio toxin that causes seasonal shrimp pandemics. We found that Ntx's effector "warhead" inhibits translation via a previously uncharacterized mechanism. Moreover, we show that two related toxins require ATRN for entry but possess unrelated effector domains. One has a Rho-GTPase AMPylation function and the other an actin-targeting/proteolysis function. Our findings reveal the mechanism of Ntx entry and toxicity and show that the ATRN-targeting domain can deliver disparate effector domains, strongly indicating that this class of exotoxins can evolve as modular proteins using a common entry domain.

Identifiers

PMID41280000
PMCPMC12632345

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.