Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41279626›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025

Mechanisms of sex differences in acute and long COVID sequelae in mice.

Jennifer A Liu, Sabal Chaulagain, Patrick S Creisher, Weizhi Zhong, Tianle Zhang, Maraake Taddese, Karly Shi, Han-Sol Park, Haley Hcnir, Arthur P Arnold and 11 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Jennifer A LiuW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-2770-1320
Sabal ChaulagainW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Patrick S CreisherW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0001-6828-3455
Weizhi ZhongW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Tianle ZhangW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Maraake TaddeseDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Karly ShiW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Han-Sol ParkW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Haley HcnirDepartment of Integrative Biology & Physiology, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
Arthur P ArnoldDepartment of Integrative Biology & Physiology, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-9908-9767
Ralph BaricDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Natasha B BarahonaTulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Elizabeth Engler-ChiurazziTulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Kevin J ZwezdarykTulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.ORCID 0000-0001-8915-0715
Chloe L ThioDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Ashwin BalagopalDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Jack R HarkemaDepartment of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
Elizabeth A ThompsonW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0001-8464-9904
Andrew PekoszW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0003-3248-1761
Andrea L CoxW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Sabra L KleinW. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-0730-5224

Funding

NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response: Universal Influenza Vaccine Research Activities75N93021C00045 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI PEKOSZ, ANDREW · 2021 to 2025
$23.3M
The development and pre-clinical assessment of novel HCV vaccines to generate T and B cell immunityU19AI159822 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI COX, ANDREA L · 2021 to 2025
$14.4M
Training: Molecular & Cellular Bases of Infectious DiseasesT32AI007417 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Arturo Casadevall · 1994 to 2026
$11.9M
Coupling neuroimaging with CLARITY and single cell genomics to dissect sex differences in the developing brainR01HD100298 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARNOLD, ARTHUR P, LERCH, JASON P. · 2020 to 2024
$2.2M
The Role of Viral Exposure and Age in Alzheimer's Disease ProgressionR01AG082899 · NIA · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI Kevin John Zwezdaryk · 2023 to 2026
$2.1M
NIAID NIH HHS 75N93021C00045NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007417NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI159822NIA NIH HHS R01 AG082899NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD100298
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While males are more likely to suffer severe outcomes during acute COVID-19, a greater proportion of females develop post-acute sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC) despite similar rates of infection. To identify mechanisms of PASC, mice were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and viral, inflammatory, and behavioral outcomes were evaluated through 84 days post infection. Sex differences were not observed in virus replication or persistence of viral RNA in pulmonary or extrapulmonary tissues in acute or PASC phases. Following recovery from infection, female mice exhibited persistent neurocognitive and behavioral impairments, along with greater frequencies of inflammatory myeloid subsets, neuroinflammation, and dysregulated T cell subsets, including Tregs. Sex differences in inflammation and cognitive phenotypes during PASC were mediated by the presence of two X chromosomes. XX animals independent of chromosome Y presented with neuroinflammation and PASC along with infection-induced upregulation of the X-linked genes

Identifiers

PMID41279626
PMCPMC12632761

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.