ArticleBioinformatics and biology insights2025
Designing a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against HPV 16, 18, 33, and 45 Targeting L1 and E7 Proteins: An Immunoinformatics Approach for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Therapy.
Article in Bioinformatics and biology insights, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Oligosaccharide adjuvant-deferred antigen endocytosis promotes cross-presentation.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cervical cancer, induced by human papillomavirus (HPV), ranks as the fourth most prevalent malignancy among women globally. Unfortunately, existing prophylactic vaccines lack therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine targeting the L1 and E7 proteins of HPV 16, 18, 33, and 45, with both preventive and therapeutic potential. Epitopes predicted using Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) and ABCpred were screened via immunoinformatics tools for antigenicity, immunogenicity, safety, conservancy, population coverage, and homology, and appropriate epitopes were assembled into a vaccine with suitable linkers and a 50-S L7/L12 adjuvant. The modeled and optimized vaccine was immunogenic, antigenic, safe, and displayed favorable physicochemical and solubility properties. Docking studies using ClusPro 2.0 and HDOCK indicated robust interactions between the vaccine and toll-like receptors TLR2/TLR4, and molecular dynamics simulations with Desmond validated the structural stability. Furthermore, molecular mechanics with generalized born and surface area solvation (MM/GBSA) analysis employing HawkDock showed favorable binding free energies of -82.86 and -76.72 kcal/mol, respectively. The vaccine's potential efficacy was demonstrated by C-IMMSIM immune simulations, which revealed robust and long-lasting cellular and humoral responses, and also strong cytokine production. Finally, codon optimization for
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