SynthesisFrontiers in pediatrics2025
A systematic scoping review of the use of surfactant replacement therapy for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates in low- and middle-income countries.
Synthesis in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lung Ultrasound-Guided Surfactant Therapy in Neonatal Pneumothorax and Pulmonary Hemorrhage: Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Ultrasonography, and Emerging Clinical Approaches.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Regenerative strategies for surfactant deficiency in neonatal and pediatric lung disease: the role of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The availability and use of surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is variable with unclear impact on infant outcomes. This review evaluates the published evidence on SRT in the management of preterm neonates with RDS in LMICs, with a focus on SRT availability, administration, timing, type, and cost. Methods: A systematic scoping review of seven databases was conducted, following the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines extension for Scoping Reviews. English language systematic reviews and observational and experimental studies, published between January 2010 and July 2023, were eligible for this review. Case reports, small case series, and qualitative studies were excluded. Titles and abstracts were screened by one reviewer and full text by two independent researchers. Sufficiently homogeneous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses, while other results were synthesized narratively. Primary outcomes for meta-analyses were (1) need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), (2) development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and (3) in-hospital mortality. Results: After screening 483 titles/abstracts and 266 full texts, 113 articles were included in the final review (52 RCTs, 50 observational studies, and 11 systematic reviews). Studies reported both INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation (INSURE) and Less/Minimal Invasive Surfactant Administration/Treatment (LISA/MIST) methods of SRT, with different threshold criteria for implementation. There was moderate certainty evidence that using LISA/MIST reduced the need for IMV [risk difference (RD): 0.10 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.04-0.17); Conclusion: LISA/MIST should be used in preference to INSURE. Poractant alfa (200 mg/kg) is conditionally recommended in preference to beractant (100 mg/kg). Regionally relevant cost-effectiveness studies are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.