Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41277749›Full record

ReviewEpilepsia2026

The epileptologist's perspective of focal cortical dysplasia type 3: From concept to management.

André Palmini, Francine Oliveira, Eliseu Paglioli, Harvey Sarnat, Ricardo Paganin, Ricardo Soder, William Martins, Rafael Paglioli, Thomas Frigeri, Fernanda Schuh and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Epilepsia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

André PalminiPorto Alegre Epilepsy Surgery Program, Neurology and Neurosurgery Services, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Francine OliveiraDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-0569
Eliseu PaglioliPorto Alegre Epilepsy Surgery Program, Neurology and Neurosurgery Services, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3168-5578
Harvey SarnatDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6953-2959
Ricardo PaganinPorto Alegre Epilepsy Surgery Program, Neurology and Neurosurgery Services, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7156-0895
Ricardo SoderPorto Alegre Epilepsy Surgery Program, Neurology and Neurosurgery Services, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1445-0737
William MartinsPorto Alegre Epilepsy Surgery Program, Neurology and Neurosurgery Services, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-5760
Rafael PaglioliPorto Alegre Epilepsy Surgery Program, Neurology and Neurosurgery Services, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9888-9214
Thomas FrigeriPorto Alegre Epilepsy Surgery Program, Neurology and Neurosurgery Services, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2970-3095
Fernanda SchuhPorto Alegre Epilepsy Surgery Program, Neurology and Neurosurgery Services, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7644-5011
Vicenzo ZarpellonPorto Alegre Epilepsy Surgery Program, Neurology and Neurosurgery Services, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5158-252X

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico # 314492/2023-2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The recent International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) official and updated classification of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) includes a third type-FCD type 3-characterized by architectural abnormalities (cortical dyslamination) associated with another "principal" lesion: hippocampal sclerosis (HS), developmental tumors, vascular malformations, or gliotic scars. We posit that the clinical relevance of FCD type 3 is not established, as dyslamination cannot be reliably identified preoperatively and (although unproven, because unidentifiable) persistence of cortical tissue with putative dyslamination after resective surgery does not preclude seizure control. Here we discuss these issues from the epileptologist's perspective and stimulate the debate on whether the FCD type 3 construct impacts decision-making in the epilepsy surgery field-or else is of little practical significance.

Indexed as

EpilepsyMalformations of Cortical DevelopmentMalformations of Cortical Development, Group IDisease ManagementFocal Cortical DysplasiaHumansclassificationclinical relevanceepileptologistFCD type 3focal cortical dysplasia

Identifiers

PMID41277749
PMCPMC13007849

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.