Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41276941›Full record

ArticleDrug testing and analysis2026

Surveillance of Phenibut in Wastewater During a Brazilian Carnival.

Bruna R de S Gomes, Ana Flávia B de Oliveira, Aline de Melo Vieira, Dhayaalini Nadarajan, Richard Bade, Jandyson M Santos

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug testing and analysis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bruna R de S GomesPetroleum, Energy and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Ana Flávia B de OliveiraPetroleum, Energy and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Aline de Melo VieiraPetroleum, Energy and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Dhayaalini NadarajanQueensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
Richard BadeQueensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
Jandyson M SantosPetroleum, Energy and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2099-6728

Funding

Australian Research Council Discovery Project number DE220100381Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior AUXPE 88881.993362/2024-01, RENENSP project
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Phenibut is a new psychoactive substance (NPS) first synthesized in Russia in 1963 as a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid. Originally developed for therapeutic use, it has gained popularity for nonmedical purposes, including recreational and cognitive enhancement. In Brazil, phenibut is uncontrolled and easily purchased online. This study used wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to investigate phenibut use patterns in two northeastern Brazilian cities. Composite daily wastewater samples were collected from two treatment plants (WWTPs), Recife (WWTP

Indexed as

Illicit DrugsPsychotropic DrugsSubstance Abuse DetectionWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalBrazilChromatography, LiquidHumansLimit of DetectionSolid Phase ExtractionTandem Mass SpectrometryIllicit DrugsPsychotropic DrugsWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalBrazilian carnivalnew psychoactive substancesphenibutwastewater‐based epidemiology

Identifiers

PMID41276941
PMCPMC12861594

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.