Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41276676›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of legal medicine2026

Radiocarbon dating of dental tissues for determining time since death in forensic cases: a systematic review.

Chantal Milani, Massimo Lancia, Cristiana Gambelunghe, Niccolò Pini, Lucio Calcagnile, Gianluca Quarta, Marisa D'Elia, Roberto Scendoni, Piergiorgio Fedeli, Luca Tomassini

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of legal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Chantal MilaniUnit of Forensic Pathology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081, Italy.
Massimo LanciaForensic Medicine, Forensic Science and Sports Medicine Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, Perugia, 06132, Italy. massimo.lancia@unipg.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2307-470X
Cristiana GambelungheForensic Medicine, Forensic Science and Sports Medicine Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, Perugia, 06132, Italy.
Niccolò PiniForensic Medicine, Forensic Science and Sports Medicine Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, Perugia, 06132, Italy.
Lucio CalcagnileCEDAD (Centre for Applied Physics, Dating and Diagnostics), Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio de Giorgi", University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy.
Gianluca QuartaCEDAD (Centre for Applied Physics, Dating and Diagnostics), Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio de Giorgi", University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy.
Marisa D'EliaCEDAD (Centre for Applied Physics, Dating and Diagnostics), Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio de Giorgi", University of Salento, Lecce, 73100, Italy.
Roberto ScendoniDepartment of Law, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, 62100, Italy.
Piergiorgio FedeliSchool of Law, Legal Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy.
Luca TomassiniInternational School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveRadiocarbon analysis is used in forensic anthropology, and its application to dental tissues has become increasingly adopted. This systematic review aimed to assess the current state of knowledge on radiocarbon dating of dental tissues, focusing on methodological approaches, interpretative frameworks, and forensic applicability of enamel, dentin, and cementum.

methodsPubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to March 2024, and original studies involving radiocarbon analysis of dental tissues for forensic or anthropological purposes were included. Nine studies were found eligible and reviewed in detail.

resultsThe selected studies encompassed over 270 individual teeth, primarily molars, and were conducted using accelerator mass spectrometry combined with calibration curves. Enamel yielded the most accurate results, with a mean absolute error of ± 1.3–1.9 years for post-1963 formation. Dentin and cementum, although metabolically active and subject to appositional changes, contributed useful complementary information but introduced potential chronological discrepancies. Key limitations included small sample sizes, practical constraints in separating dental tissues, and the impact of geographic and dietary variability on radiocarbon interpretation.

conclusionsRadiocarbon dating of dental tissues, particularly enamel, offers a reliable means of estimating time-related biological parameters in forensics. Nonetheless, its effectiveness is influenced by sample integrity, the specific dental component analyzed, and the availability of contextual data, such as geographic origin. Integration with stable isotopes and genetic analyses is recommended to enhance the robustness of forensic identification. Future studies should prioritize larger sample sizes and focus on whole-tooth analyses to reflect real-world forensic constraints.

Indexed as

Dental CementumDental EnamelDentinPostmortem ChangesRadiometric DatingToothCarbon RadioisotopesForensic AnthropologyForensic DentistryHumansCarbon RadioisotopesDental tissuesForensic anthropologyPostmortem changesRadiocarbon dating

Identifiers

PMID41276676
PMCPMC12957062

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.