Enrichment of diverse seed-based artificial diets with date palm pollen affects the fitness and physiological responses of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833).

Seyed Ali Hemmati, Zahra Arab Yabarati, Lukasz L Stelinski

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Supplementation of Maize- and Cowpea Seed-Based Artificial Diets with Diverse Pollen Sources Affects the Demographic Features ofInsects · 2026
Article

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Seyed Ali HemmatiDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, P.O. Box 61357-43311, Ahvaz, Iran. sa.hemmati@scu.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-0428

Zahra Arab YabaratiDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, P.O. Box 61357-43311, Ahvaz, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7692-2931

Lukasz L StelinskiDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-3035

Funding

Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz SCU.AP1403.39134

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial diets incorporating plant-derived components can improve nutrition and reduce costs in insect rearing. This study evaluated five seed-based diets enriched with date palm pollen for Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833) by examining ecological parameters, food utilization, enzymatic activities, and plant biochemical composition. Diets (D1–D5) combined date palm pollen with cowpea (D1), chickpea (D2), beet (D3), mung bean (D4), or maize (D5) seed powders. Diets D1 and D4 significantly enhanced key fitness traits, including oviposition period, adult longevity, net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ). Diets D4 and D5 improved food utilization efficiency and larval growth rate (RGR). Enzymatic analyses showed elevated amylolytic and proteolytic activities with D4 and D5, while D3 triggered the highest antioxidant enzyme activity, likely aiding detoxification of beet seed phenolics. Overall, D1 and D4 were the most effective diets for S. littoralis rearing, demonstrating promise for mass production applications.

Indexed as

Animal FeedDietPhoeniceaePollenSeedsSpodopteraAnimalsLarvaOvipositionAntioxidantsBiochemicalsDigestive enzymesFood utilization indicesLife table parametersSpodoptera littoralis

Identifiers

PMID41276609

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-29961-9

PMCPMC12775009

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.