SynthesisNutrition reviews2026
Vegetarian and Vegan Diets and the Risk of Hip Fracture in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Nutrition reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHip fracture is an important cause of hospitalization, with high morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests that vegetarians and vegans have lower bone mineral density, and plant-based diets are gaining popularity. However, the impact of these diets on the occurrence of hip fracture risk remains unclear.
objectiveThis systematic review aimed to assess the impact of vegetarian and vegan diets on the risk of hip fracture in adults.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies comparing vegetarians and vegans with meat-eaters. We searched Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Two reviewers independently and in duplicate performed study selection, risk-of-bias assessment, and data extraction. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated as an estimate of the effect of vegetarian and vegan diets. The quality of evidence was determined according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.
resultsFour cohort studies with 529 672 participants were included. Both vegetarian and vegan diets were associated with a higher risk of hip fracture after adjusting for confounders. Vegetarians had a 25% higher risk than meat-eaters (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.11-1.39; 38 433 vegetarians; I2 = 0%; low certainty of evidence). Vegans had a 75% higher risk (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.17-2.63; 5344 vegans; I2 =64%; very low certainty of evidence).
conclusionThese findings emphasize the importance of incorporating dietary patterns into strategies for promoting bone health, especially among individuals following plant-based diets. Healthcare providers should offer guidance to individuals adopting vegetarian or vegan diets to ensure adequate nutrient intake and support bone health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO no. CRD 42024592448.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.