ArticleBMC oral health2025
Diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography in detecting styloid process elongation: a cone-beam computed tomography referenced retrospective study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Styloid Process Elongation as an Incidental Finding in Adult Orthodontic Patients: Prevalence, Morphology and Diagnostic Implications from Panoramic Radiography.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional relationship between the hyoid bone and the stylohyoid complex: a cone-beam computed tomography study introducing a novel angular parameter.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Detection of the Elongated Styloid Process on Dental Radiographic Images: A Systematic Review and Literature Update.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
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4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aims to evaluate the reliability of panoramic imaging in assessing styloid process (SP), using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as the reference standard. CBCT is preferred for assessing SP as it displays the dimensions and morphology of the SP without superimpositions.
methodsSP elongation, calcification type (type 1: elongated, type 2: pseudoarticulated, type 3: segmented, and type 4: distant), and calcification pattern (calcified outline, partially calcified, nodular, and completely calcified) were evaluated on both panoramic and CBCT images of the same 407 patients. All measurements were recorded for the left and right sides independently. The efficacy of panoramic imaging in assessing SP was analysed through sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, accompanied by their 95% confidence intervals, with a significance threshold of about 0.05 for all studies.
resultsThere were 113 (27.8%) male and 294 (72.2%) female, for a total of 407 patients with a median age of 43 years (18-69). The prevalence of elongated SP was 43.5% in panoramic images, whereas in CBCT images, it was 52.6%. When compared to CBCT imaging, panoramic imaging exhibited good specificity, with values of 81.2% on the right side and 83.7% on the left side, but demonstrated low sensitivity, recording 67.3% on the right side and 64.4% on the left side.
conclusionsAlmost one-third of the elongated SP cases were detected as false negative in panoramic images. Considering these findings, it is advisable to assess the region using CBCT in situations where SP examination is critical.
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