ArticleInternational journal of emergency medicine2025
Why extreme heat weather is a global health emergency: a retrospective analysis.
Article in International journal of emergency medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Investigating environmental heat exposure and its effects on maternal and fetal health in rural Northern Ghana (Physio-HeMAB Study): a study protocol for a cluster randomized trial.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Implementation of Disaster Prevention Education and Maternal and Child Health Handbook Guidance for Pregnant Women in Japanese Medical Institutions: A Pilot Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExtreme heat events are increasingly recognized as a critical global health threat, exacerbated by rising temperatures and climate change. The distribution, frequency, and health impacts of these events vary significantly across regions, posing unique challenges to public health systems worldwide.
aimThis study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of extreme heat events from 1900 to 2023, focusing on their geographic distribution, frequency, severity, and associated health outcomes. The objective is to equip policymakers and healthcare providers with the insights necessary to enhance preparedness and response mechanisms for future extreme heat events.
methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using secondary data from the International Disaster Database (EM-DAT). The study examined extreme heat events across all global regions, analyzing data on event frequency, magnitude, and health outcomes, including mortality and morbidity rates. Descriptive statistics and trend analyses were employed to identify patterns and regional disparities.
resultsThe analysis revealed significant geographic disparities in the occurrence of extreme heat events, with Southern Asia (52 incidents) and Southern Europe (42 incidents) being the most affected regions. The total global mortality attributed to these events was 234,732, with the Russian Federation reporting the highest death toll (56,032 deaths). Temporal analysis identified critical spikes in mortality, particularly in 2003 (73,722 deaths) and 2010 (56,188 deaths). Countries such as Nigeria and Sudan reported the highest average heat event magnitudes (60 and 47, respectively), suggesting severe conditions, though with lower associated mortality rates.
conclusionsThis study suggests an urgent need for region-specific healthcare strategies to address the growing health impacts of extreme heat events, particularly in vulnerable regions like Southern Asia and Southern Europe. While our data indicate significant correlations, further research is needed to establish causal relationships between climate patterns and health outcomes.
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