ArticleScientific reports2025
Development and optimization of thymol-loaded nanoemulsions for enhanced antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Leciplex Nanocarriers: An Optimized Platform for Thymol Delivery in Acne Management.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) necessitates the development of novel antimicrobial strategies. This study developed and optimized thymol-loaded nanoemulsions (TNE) as a standardized, reproducible alternative to variable essential oil formulations using central composite design. The optimal formulation comprised 4.6% oil phase, 18.5% surfactant, and 2.5:1 surfactant-to-cosurfactant ratio, yielding nanoemulsions with particle size of 25.51 ± 0.15 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.114 ± 0.008, and zeta potential of - 2.73 ± 0.12 mV. TNE demonstrated consistent antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 15 mg/mL against MRSA and other bacterial strains. Comprehensive mechanistic studies using five complementary assays revealed that TNE exerts antimicrobial effects through multiple membrane-targeting pathways, including membrane permeabilization, depolarization, hydrophobicity alteration, and rigidity modulation. The multi-target mechanism suggests reduced likelihood of resistance development compared to conventional single-target antibiotics. These findings demonstrate that systematically optimized thymol nanoemulsions represent a promising standardized platform for combating multidrug-resistant infections, offering enhanced stability, controlled release characteristics, and reduced resistance potential.
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Registered trials
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