Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41275011›Full record

SynthesisBritish journal of cancer2026

Sex and gender influence on adverse events for melanoma patients: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.

Aurora Gaeta, Luca Nuvoli, Chiara Doccioli, Saverio Caini, Maristella Saponara, Carolina Cimminiello, Claudia Cosma, Giuseppe Palmieri, Antonio Cossu, Francesco Vicini and 4 more

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic ReviewReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in British journal of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Aurora Gaeta *Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
Luca Nuvoli *Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Sassari, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-1112
Chiara DoccioliClinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
Saverio CainiCancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
Maristella SaponaraDivision of Melanoma Sarcoma and Rare Tumors, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
Carolina CimminielloDivision of Melanoma Sarcoma and Rare Tumors, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
Claudia CosmaDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Giuseppe PalmieriImmuno-Oncology & Targeted Cancer Biotherapies, University of Sassari - Unit of Cancer Genetics, IRGB-CNR, Sassari, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4350-2276
Antonio CossuDepartment of Medicine Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Francesco ViciniLaboratory of Translational Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
Luca MazzarellaLaboratory of Translational Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology - IRCCS, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4043-3279
Giulio TostiDermato-oncology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
Paola QueiroloDivision of Melanoma Sarcoma and Rare Tumors, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
Sara GandiniMolecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. sara.gandini@ieo.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1348-4548

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immunotherapy (IMMUNO) and targeted therapy (TT) have revolutionised melanoma treatment. However, adverse events (AEs) remain frequent and may affect treatment adherence. Female sex has been linked to a higher risk of AEs in cytotoxic therapies. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate the effect of Sex and Gender (S/G) on AEs during IMMUNO and/or TT in melanoma. Independent studies published up to April 2024 reporting toxicity by S/G in melanoma patients were included. Summary Odds Ratios (sOR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models. Sixty-nine studies were included. Women had a significantly higher risk of thyroid-related AEs compared to men (sOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.41-2.82, I

Indexed as

ImmunotherapyMelanomaFemaleHumansMaleMolecular Targeted TherapySex Factors

Identifiers

PMID41275011
PMCPMC12852745

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.