ArticleNature communications2025
Assembly of the infant gut microbiome and resistome are linked to bacterial strains in mother's milk.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Decoding the HMO‒microbiome axis: bridging maternal milk to infant health outcomes.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Bifidobacteria: biogeography, host adaptation and ecological functions.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Exploratory integrative analysis of infant gut microbiome and metabolome suggests diet- and microbiome-derived metabolites associated with childhood asthma.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome maturation in early childhood interacts with host genetics to predict type 1 diabetes risk.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- Cohort profile: Infant Gut Bacterial Study in Pakistan (INBUGS-P) longitudinal birth cohort.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Maternal secretor status and human milk oligosaccharides influence the infant gut resistome.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Human milk microbiome as a modulator of the early-life gut-brain axis: mechanisms and translational opportunities for neurodevelopment.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Update on environmental determinants of allergic diseases.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Antibiotic-Driven Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis: Resistome Dynamics, Metabolic Disruption, and Paths to Restoration.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The human breast milk microbiome: a landscape review of its composition, origins, and impact on infant health.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Human milk oligosaccharide mediates mutualism between Escherichia coli and Bifidobacterium bifidum.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Gestational diabetes, human milk oligosaccharide concentrations, and their links to infant weight gain and the gut microbiome in a United States observational cohort.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Observational
- Perinatal Antibiotic Timing Impairs Maternal IgG Transfer via FcRn and Shapes the Neonatal Gut Microbiome in Mice.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Off to a good start: current gaps and priorities in early-life microbiome research.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Human milk microbiota: origins, determinants, and roles in maternal-infant microbial transmission and infant microbiome assembly.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Infant gut microbiome reprogramming following introduction of solid foods (weaning).Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Ecology and evolution of the social microbiome.Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics · 2024Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
The establishment of the gut microbiome in early life is critical for healthy infant development. Although human milk is recommended as sole nutrition for the infant, little is known about how variation in the milk microbiome shapes the microbial communities in the infant gut. Here, we quantified the similarity between the maternal milk and the infant gut microbiomes using 507 metagenomic samples collected from 195 mother-infant pairs at one, three, and six months postpartum. Microbial taxonomic overlap between milk and the infant gut was driven by Bifidobacterium longum, and infant microbiomes dominated by B. longum showed greater temporal stability than those dominated by other species. We identified numerous instances of strain sharing between milk and the infant gut, involving both commensal (e.g. B. longum) and pathobiont species (e.g. K. pneumoniae). Shared strains also included typically oral species such as S. salivarius and V. parvula, suggesting possible transmission from the infant's oral cavity to the mother's milk. At one month, the infant gut microbiome was enriched in biosynthetic pathways, suggesting that early colonisers might be more metabolically independent than those present at six months. Lastly, we observed significant overlap in antimicrobial resistance gene carriage within mother-infant pairs. Together, our results suggest that the human milk microbiome has an important role in the assembly, composition, and stability of the infant gut microbiome.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.