ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025
Exploring sex-specific risk factors in cognitive decline: Insights into modifiable and non-modifiable determinants using a network analysis.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Exploring sex-specific risk factors in cognitive decline: Insights into modifiable and non-modifiable determinants using a network analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHow sex-specific risk factors for dementia interact remains understudied. Network analysis provides a novel approach to examine these relationships, offering insights into sex-specific risk factor connectivity in healthy controls (HCs) and individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease (cognitive decline [CD]).
methodsA network analysis of 896 participants examined associations among modifiable, non-modifiable, and cognitive risk factors. Network invariance and global strength tests assessed structural and connectivity differences.
resultsIn males, network invariance differed between HC and CD groups, but connectivity was unchanged. In females, network invariance and connectivity were significantly altered, with HC females exhibiting stronger overall connectivity. Key risk factors in females included systolic blood pressure and apolipoprotein E ε4, whereas males' networks were primarily influenced by cognitive outcomes. DISCUSSION: Sex-specific networks suggest distinct mechanisms underlying cognitive decline. Future work differentiating mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease stages will refine our understanding of risk factor evolution and inform precision medicine approaches to dementia prevention. HIGHLIGHTS: Sex-stratified networks of risk factors differ in healthy and cognitively impaired adults. Female networks show greater global connectivity in healthy versus cognitively decline groups. Apolipoprotein E, family history, and lifestyle factors show sex-specific centrality in networks. Network structure changes more in females across the cognitive decline spectrum. Findings support sex-specific modeling of dementia risk for precision prevention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.