Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41273222›Full record

ReviewJournal of internal medicine2026

T cell-macrophage interactions in tuberculosis: What we've got here is failure to communicate.

Rasmus Mortensen, Cecilia S Lindestam Arlehamn, Rhea N Coler, Michael Y Gerner, Delia Goletti, Deborah A Lewinsohn, Robert L Modlin, Munyaradzi Musvosvi, Jyothi Rengarajan, Kevin B Urdahl and 4 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. HowVaccines · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Rasmus MortensenCenter for Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Cecilia S Lindestam ArlehamnCenter for Vaccine Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Rhea N ColerCenter for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Michael Y GernerDepartment of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5406-8308
Delia GolettiTranslational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-4376
Deborah A LewinsohnDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Robert L ModlinDepartment of Dermatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Munyaradzi MusvosviSouth African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa.
Jyothi RengarajanEmory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Kevin B UrdahlCenter for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Gerhard WalzlDSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-125X
Samuel M BeharDepartment of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Daniel L BarberT Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Collaboration for Tuberculosis Vaccine Discovery – Conventional T cells Research Community, Gates Foundation

Funding

IMMUNE MECHANISMS OF PROTECTION AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS CENTER (IMPAC-TB)75N93019C00071 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI FORTUNE, SARAH · 2019 to 2025
$57.3M
Microbiology and Metagenomics CoreP50AR080594 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ROBERT L MODLIN · 2022 to 2026
$9.2M
Emory/Georgia TB Research Advancement Center (TRAC)P30AI168386 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Jeffrey M Collins · 2022 to 2026
$5.8M
Large Scale T Cell Epitope Discovery: Proteome-wide characterization of T cell epitopes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vaccination and active infection75N93019C00067 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI PETERS, BJOERN · 2019 to 2023
$4.5M
Hypoxia, tuberculosis, and T cell dysfunctionR01AI172905 · NIAID · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI SAMUEL M BEHAR · 2023 to 2026
$3.0M
DIR/NIAIDIndependent Research Fund Denmark 101080309Independent Research Fund Denmark 1052-00036BIntramural Research ProgramNIAID NIH HHS 75N93019C00067NIAID NIH HHS 75N93019C00071NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI168386NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI172905NIAMS NIH HHS P50 AR080594
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality, and the development of a new, highly effective vaccine would have a tremendous beneficial impact on global health. Although conventional memory CD4 and CD8 T cells will likely be key mediators of long-lived, vaccine-elicited protection, a potent T cell-inducing vaccine against TB has been elusive. Protection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific T cells is mediated primarily through their communication with Mtb-infected macrophages. Here, we discuss emerging evidence of multiple structural and immunoregulatory factors that limit effective T cell-macrophage interactions in TB granulomas, posing a unique challenge to vaccine-induced protection. Developing new TB vaccination strategies will require a better understanding of the crosstalk between T cells and infected pulmonary macrophages and strategies to enhance these interactions.

Indexed as

Cell CommunicationMacrophagesT-LymphocytesTuberculosisAnimalsHumansMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosis VaccinesTuberculosis VaccinesgranulomasmacrophagesT cellstuberculosisvaccine

Identifiers

PMID41273222
PMCPMC13289048

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.