SynthesisHereditas2025
Review of risk factors and surgical treatment progress for gallbladder cancer.
Synthesis in Hereditas, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo systematically review the latest evidence on risk factors and surgical treatment for gallbladder cancer (GBC), with a focus on current controversies and consensus in international guidelines, analyze the application prospects of minimally invasive surgery in advanced GBC, and provide direction for clinical practice and future research.
methodsLiterature on GBC risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and treatment strategies published from 2018 to 2024 was retrieved from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. The retrieved literature was summarized, compared, and critically analyzed.
resultsThe pathogenesis of GBC involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors. Beyond gallstones and polyps, mutations in TP53 and ERBB2/ERBB3 genes, metabolic syndrome (obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia), and chronic infections (Salmonella, Helicobacter) are significant risk factors. Surgical resection remains the primary curative approach, yet the optimal extent of surgery is debated: Is hepatic resection always necessary for T1b stage? What is the oncological safety of laparoscopic surgery for T2 stage? What is the value of extended resection for T4 stage? Recently, targeted therapies (e.g., against ERBB2, NTRK) and mmune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1/PD-L1)have shown promise in advanced GBC.
conclusionCombating GBC requires a comprehensive strategy encompassing health education, screening of high-risk populations, precise staging, and individualized multimodal treatment. Future research should focus on building molecular subtype-based prognostic models, conducting high-level clinical studies to resolve surgical controversies, and exploring the integration of novel adjuvant therapies with traditional surgery.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.