ArticleParasites & vectors2025
Mutation in the knockdown resistance gene and population genetic structure in Culex tritaeniorhynchus from Guizhou Province.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the Japanese encephalitis virus vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus from the Republic of Korea.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCulex tritaeniorhynchus is the main vector of Japanese encephalitis virus. However, there is a gap in current research on the knockdown resistance gene (kdr) and population genetic structure of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Guizhou Province, China.
methodsWe collected 365 Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes from ten geographic populations in Guizhou Province in 2023-2024 and analyzed the genetic diversity of the kdr gene with mutation at locus 1014 and the mitochondrial DNA-cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtDNA-COI) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were also analyzed, and a haplotype network diagram and phylogenetic tree were constructed.
resultsOnly the L1014F mutation (TTA → TTT) was detected at locus 1014 of the kdr gene in Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Guizhou Province. The frequency of resistant alleles ranged from 0% to 8.8%, with higher frequencies observed in Dejiang (8.8%), Libo (7.1%), and Sandu (3.3%). All samples from the Xingren population were susceptible (SS). mtDNA-COI genes showed high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.989), low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.023), low genetic differentiation among populations (Fst = 0.001-0.140), and high gene flow (Nm > 1), suggesting that the population of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Guizhou Province has high genetic diversity and frequent gene exchange. The haplotype network and phylogenetic tree indicated that possible cryptic or novel species existed in Guizhou Province in addition to the dominant populations.
conclusionsOverall, Culex tritaeniorhynchus has not yet developed widespread resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Guizhou Province, and the risk of spreading resistance genes needs to be continuously monitored owing to high population genetic diversity and frequent gene exchange.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.