Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41272880›Full record

ArticleTrials2025

Improving uptake of pediatric vaccines through religious conferences and mobile vaccine clinics in Aceh, Indonesia (TABRIE): study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial.

Rahul Ladhania, Ichsan Ichsan, Antonios M Koumpias, Amanda Yufika, Rosaria Indah, Tita Menawati Liansyah, Abram L Wagner, Harapan Harapan

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in Trials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06160999 (TABRIE), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06160999 nacompletednot on this map

TABRIE: Trusted Faces, Familiar Places (CGHE)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of MichiganRan2023 to 2025Enrolled2,400ConditionsVaccinationArmsReligious conferences, Vaccine-in-a-van
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rahul LadhaniaDepartment of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Ichsan IchsanDepartment of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
Antonios M KoumpiasDepartment of Economics, University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA.
Amanda YufikaDepartment of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
Rosaria IndahMedical Education Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
Tita Menawati LiansyahDepartment of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
Abram L Wagner *Center for Global Health Equity, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. awag@umich.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-7802
Harapan Harapan *Center for Global Health Equity, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite advancements in child immunization, inadequate immunization rates in low- and middle-income countries persist due to inadequate health infrastructure, challenges in vaccine supply and distribution, insufficient healthcare provider training, and low levels of community trust in vaccines. Aceh, a religiously conservative province in Indonesia, has low pediatric vaccination coverage and exemplifies the need for innovative vaccine delivery models. Evidence suggests interventions should target both logistical barriers (e.g., distance or clinic wait times) and societal factors, including misinformation, that contribute towards vaccine hesitancy.

methodsThe trial "TABRIE" will measure the impact of two strategies on children's vaccination rates and parental attitudes towards vaccines in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, Indonesia, compared to current outreach strategies. The two strategies being tested are (a) an informational conference with religious leaders who work in specific clinics and (b) a mobile vaccine clinic staffed with community health workers conducting a variety of outreach events. We will execute a stepped wedge cluster randomized design with baseline measures and a cross-sectional sampling structure. Twelve districts (Kecamatan) will be randomized into one of the two strategies. In year 1, three districts from each strategy will implement the intervention, with the other three districts implementing the strategy in the second year. We will conduct cross-sectional surveys in September 2023 (baseline), September 2024 (year 1), and September 2025 (year 2). The primary outcome is the proportion of fully vaccinated children aged 1-5 years for bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), polio, and measles. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of children aged 1-5 years with at least one dose of DTP and measles vaccines, the proportion of vaccine-hesitant parents, social norms surrounding vaccination, parental trust in community health workers to administer vaccines, the proportion of parents experiencing distance barriers to vaccination, the proportion of parents reporting that their religious leader encourages vaccination, and the proportion of parents receiving vaccination information from their religious leader. DISCUSSION: This study will conduct a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial to separately estimate the effects of religious conferences and mobile vaccine clinics on pediatric vaccination rates and parental attitudes towards vaccination. It will offer a novel paradigm in vaccination delivery by inserting vaccination from clinics into social spaces that provide alternative, community-centered policy solutions to vaccine hesitancy.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT06160999. Registered on December 14, 2023.

Indexed as

ParentsVaccinationVaccination HesitancyChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansIndonesiaInfantRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicCommunity health workersIndonesiaLow- and middle-income countriesMobile vaccine clinicsPublic health interventionReligious leader conferencesReligious leadersRoutine pediatric vaccinationStepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trialVaccine hesitancy

Identifiers

PMID41272880
PMCPMC12639800

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.