Observational studyEuropean journal of medical research2025
Smooth pursuit eye movements in different directions and frequencies as biomarkers for detecting early stage Parkinson's disease and assessing levodopa responsiveness: a cross-sectional study.
Observational study in European journal of medical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Eye-Tracking Assessment of Visual, Oculomotor, and Pupillary Biomarkers During Reading in Parkinson's Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundVarious oculomotor abnormalities have been reported among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, their direction- and frequency-specific alterations, developmental trajectory, as well as associations with levodopa responsiveness, remain poorly understood and controversial.
methodsWe studied eye movements via video nystagmography (VNG) in 45 PD patients and 22 HCs. PD patients underwent saccadic accuracy, saccadic latency, and smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) gain tests in the OFF and ON medication states (meds) via a levodopa challenge test (LCT).
resultsCompared with HCs, PD patients had lower saccadic accuracy, longer saccadic latency, and lower SPEM gain. Among them, a reduction of 10°/s horizontal SPEM gain was present in the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) 1-2 stage [rightward: 85.000 (83.000, 90.500)% vs. 93.882 ± 5.159%, P = 0.016; leftward: 82.545 ± 12.652% vs. 94.316 ± 3.215%, P = 0.027], which could differentiate between early PD patients and HCs with an AUC of 0.807. Levodopa treatment improved the 10°/s horizontal SPEM gain [rightward: 89.500 (81.000, 95.000)% vs. 85.000 (77.000, 91.000)%, Z = -2.422, P = 0.015; leftward: 89.000 (82.000, 93.500)% vs. 81.607 ± 13.634%, Z = -2.134, P = 0.033] and 40°/s downward SPEM gain [63.268 ± 22.778% vs. 55.452 ± 24.515%, t = -3.106, P = 0.004]. Motor symptoms were independent risk factors for reduced upward saccadic accuracy and 40°/s vertical SPEM gain, while an improvement in 40°/s downward SPEM gain was positively correlated with a decrease in the MDS-UPDRS III score (r = 0.331, P = 0.037).
conclusionsVNG-based multidimensional SPEM analysis holds promise as biomarkers to enable early PD detection, monitor disease progression, and optimize early precision interventions.
trial registrationThe study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Clinical Trial Registration No. ChiCTR1900022655, Date: April 20, 2019).
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