ArticleReproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2025
Relationship between healthy lifestyle score and infertility in Iranian men: a population-based case-control study.
Article in Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhile the importance of male infertility management is well recognized and the role of individual lifestyle factors in reproductive health has been established, the combined effect of these factors-measured as a healthy lifestyle score (HLS)-on male infertility remains unexplored. Therefore, we assessed the association between HLS and infertility in Iranian men.
methodsThis population-based case-control study compared 300 infertile men with 300 fertile controls. A healthy lifestyle score was constructed using information about dietary intakes, dietary habits, physical activity, sleep quality, smoking, depression status, anxiety status, and psychological distress; data on these elements were collected using validated questionnaires. Male infertility was defined according to the sixth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria 2021 by an andrologist.
resultsMen in the highest HLS category had 44% lower infertility odds than those in the lowest category (OR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.35-0.89). After full adjustments, this association remained significant, with 45% lower odds in the top vs. bottom quartile (OR = 0.55; 95%CI: 0.34-0.90). In addition, after adjusting for covariates, low psychological distress was the sole lifestyle factor that exhibited a significant inverse association with infertility (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.34-0.71). Normal-weight men in the highest vs. lowest HLS category had 67% and 70% lower infertility odds in crude (OR = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.15-0.75) and fully-adjusted model (OR = 0.30; 95%CI: 0.12-0.74). No association was observed in men with overweight or obesity.
conclusionsThis study revealed that a combined healthy lifestyle score, rather than individual factors including dietary intakes, dietary habits, sleep quality, physical activity, smoking, depression status, anxiety status, and psychological distress, was associated with lower odds of infertility in Iranian men, especially among those with normal weight, suggesting that adherence to a healthy lifestyle pattern can be considered a management strategy for infertility.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.