ArticleBMC public health2025
Pre-pandemic lifestyle patterns and mental health outcomes among people reporting post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: evidence from a Slovenian population-based sample.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinic-based characteristics of animal-related injury presentations in Hangzhou, China: a 10-year retrospective analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe long-term consequences of COVID-19, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), represent a major public health concern. Beyond persistent physical symptoms, PASC profoundly affects mental health and daily functioning. Despite growing international evidence, little is known about how pre-pandemic lifestyle patterns shape vulnerability to PASC and how its psychological burden extends beyond distress to deficits in well-being. While national settings may shape prevalence estimates and symptom reporting, this study focuses on group differences within a single country-Slovenia, characterized by universal healthcare, high physical activity, strict containment measures, and low institutional trust.
methodsData were drawn from a representative sample of working-age Slovenian adults (N = 3,048), surveyed in early 2023. Participants reported infection history, symptom persistence, pre-pandemic lifestyle patterns, and mental health outcomes. PASC was defined following WHO criteria, with an added requirement of functional impairment. Analyses employed chi-squared tests for categorical variables and ANOVAs for differences across ill-being and well-being indicators.
resultsNearly one-third of infected individuals (29.5%) met PASC criteria. Fatigue, decreased physical performance, and cognitive difficulties were the most prevalent and persistent symptoms, often lasting close to a year. PASC was more common among women, younger adults, those facing financial hardship, and individuals with higher education. Lifestyle patterns showed mixed associations: BMI was unrelated, smoking displayed a paradoxically lower risk, while physical activity reduced infection risk but was modestly linked to greater PASC likelihood post-infection. Crucially, PASC was associated with significantly elevated stress, anxiety, and depression, alongside reduced well-being across all domains.
conclusionsThese findings highlight the enduring burden of PASC and its dual impact on distress and well-being, underscoring the need for integrated, system-level planning that links primary care, rehabilitation, and mental health services to mitigate long-term consequences and support recovery.
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