SynthesisBMC cancer2025
Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Advancements in Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are under extensive investigation as a treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in numerous trials. Given the need to evaluate their therapeutic profile, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the safety and efficacy of ICI therapy for TNBC.
methodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English from inception to March 10, 2024. Primary endpoints included treatment-related adverse events (trAEs) of any grade and Grade ≥ 3, as well as immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
resultsThirteen RCTs involving 5,890 TNBC patients were included in the meta-analysis. ICI treatment was associated with a significantly increased risk of serious trAEs (risk ratio [RR]: 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.79; p = 0.004) but did not significantly affect the risk of any grade trAEs (RR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.02; p = 0.584) or grade ≥ 3 trAEs (RR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.87-1.18; p = 0.872). In contrast, ICIs markedly elevated the risk of any grade irAEs (RR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.22-1.95; p < 0.001) and grade ≥ 3 irAEs (RR: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.56-5.11; p = 0.001). Specific irAEs, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, pneumonitis, adrenal insufficiency, and infusion-related reactions, occurred more frequently with ICI therapy. Network meta-analysis revealed that atezolizumab had the lowest risk of any grade irAEs (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA]: 60%) and grade ≥ 3 irAEs (SUCRA: 66%). Importantly, ICIs significantly improved pathological complete response (pCR) rates (RR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.25-1.94; p < 0.001) and were associated with enhanced overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74-0.96; p = 0.011) and progression-free survival (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.61-0.79; p < 0.001).
conclusionWhile ICIs demonstrate clinically meaningful benefits in pCR rates and survival outcomes for TNBC patients, they also substantially increase the risk of serious trAEs and irAEs, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, pneumonitis, adrenal insufficiency, and infusion-related reactions. REGISTRATION: INPLASY202450094.
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