ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Burden of antibiotic resistance in urinary isolates: a retrospective cross-sectional study from a tertiary center in Far-Western Nepal.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Urine antibiogram and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a provincial hospital of Nepal: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundAntibiotic resistance poses a severe public health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings where data scarcity undermines local infection prevention strategies. This study provides the first comprehensive surveillance of urinary antibiotic resistance from the Far-Western region of Nepal in over a decade, highlighting patterns relevant to antimicrobial stewardship and infection control.
methodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using urine culture records collected between April 2024-March 2025. Laboratory data on bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility were extracted from microbiology database, exported to Microsoft
resultsTotal 3,155 cultures were processed, among which 754 (23.9%) were positive. Escherichia coli (41.6%) and Klebsiella spp. (22.1%) were the most common uropathogens. MDR and XDR rates were 27.9% and 67.5%, respectively, with XDR prevalence increasing with patient age-peaking at 81.4% in those over 65. Alarmingly high resistance was observed against commonly used oral antibiotics (> 80% for ampicillin, cefixime, and ciprofloxacin), limiting outpatient treatment options. WHO Watch and Reserve group antibiotics such as meropenem and colistin remained comparatively effective. High XDR rates in nosocomial organisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. were noticed.
conclusionThis study highlights the burden and evolving pattern of antibiotic resistance with high XDR rates in an area with limited resources and a lack of prior surveillance data. These findings reinforce the need for escalating antimicrobial stewardship, strengthening surveillance systems in the region, while also contributing to national infection control strategies. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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