ArticleNature communications2025
A modular strategy for extracellular vesicle-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 delivery through aptamer-based loading and UV-activated cargo release.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Non-Viral CRISPR carriers: transient delivery with lasting effects.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Breaking barriers in peritoneal fibrosis: extracellular vesicles as promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles-mediated delivery of SpCas9 RNPs for therapeutic gene editing in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Review
- Azide-functionalized SpCas9 enables generation of site-selective and bioactive Cas9-siRNA conjugates.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- The Mechanistic Review of the Molecular Interface of RNA-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles: Redefining Targeted Therapy for Autoimmune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A review of recent advances in exosome-mediated drug delivery for regenerative therapy and immunomodulation.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Application of extracellular vesicles in the CRISPR-based diagnosis and treatment: possibilities and challenges.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: A Unified Framework Integrating Extracellular Vesicles, Engineered Phytocarriers, Hybrid Platforms, and Bioinspired Systems.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Aptamer-based technologies for extracellular vesicle analysis and engineering: from isolation to functional applications.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Engineered MSC-exosomes as CRISPR-Cas9 delivery vectors for precision immunotherapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Aptamers and aptamer-drug conjugates as synthetic immune modulators for cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Innovative gene engineering and drug delivery systems for dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Engineering of CD63 Enables Selective Extracellular Vesicle Cargo Loading and Enhanced Payload Delivery.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- EV-Elute: A universal platform for the enrichment of functional surface marker-defined extracellular vesicle subpopulations.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles as the next-generation modulators of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications and their potential as adjuvant therapeutics.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology offers the potential to permanently repair genes containing pathological mutations. However, efficient intracellular delivery of the Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex remains a major hurdle in its therapeutic application. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biological nanosized membrane vesicles that play an important role in intercellular communication, and have an innate capability of intercellular transfer of biological cargos, including proteins and RNA. Here, we present a versatile, modular strategy for EV-mediated loading and delivery of Cas9. We leverage the high affinity binding of MS2 coat proteins fused to EV-enriched proteins to MS2 aptamers incorporated into guide RNAs, in combination with a UV-activated photocleavable linker domain, PhoCl. Moreover, we demonstrate that Cas9 can readily be exchanged for other variants, including transcriptional activator dCas9-VPR and adenine base editor ABE8e. Taken together, we describe a robust, modular strategy for successful Cas9 delivery, which can be applied for CRISPR-Cas9-based genetic engineering and transcriptional regulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.