Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41270444›Full record

SynthesisInternational dental journal2026

Long-Term Effects of Three Different Appliances for Rapid Maxillary Expansion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Jingyi Yu, Feng Qiu, Mengfei Xu, Jixiao Wang, Lan Li, Fulan Wei

Abstract readComparative StudyMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International dental journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jingyi YuDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Feng QiuDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Mengfei XuDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Jixiao WangDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Lan LiDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
Fulan WeiDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China. Electronic address: weifl@email.sdu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare the long-term effects (≥6 months) of bone-borne (BB) and tooth-BB appliances with tooth-borne (TB) appliances in rapid maxillary expansion. MATERIALS AND

methodsAn electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Proquest, ClinicalTrials.gov, and OpenGrey. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to evaluate evidence. Mean differences were calculated, applying a random effects model.

resultsNine studies were included. Six articles were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), two were retrospective studies, and one was a parallel cohort study. Three non-RCTs were at moderate risk of bias. Three RCTs were at unclear risk of bias, while three were at high risk of bias. This review specifically focused on evidence from three-dimensional assessment methods (CBCT/CT). No difference in dental maxillary expansion and skeletal maxillary expansion between appliances, though TB appliances may cause greater molar inclination in the treatment. No differences in buccal bone resorption were observed over a follow-up period exceeding 1 year.

conclusionsTB, tooth-BB, BB appliances demonstrated comparable long-term effects regarding the amount of dental and skeletal maxillary expansion, molar inclination, and buccal bone resorption.

Indexed as

Orthodontic Appliance DesignOrthodontic AppliancesPalatal Expansion TechniqueHumansAdverse effectsEffectivenessMeta-analysisRapid maxillary expansionSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41270444
PMCPMC12671374

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.