ArticleScience advances2025
Conserved CD8 T cell vaccines without B cell epitopes drive robust protection against SARS-CoV-2 that is enhanced by intranasal boost.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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12 authors.
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Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has challenged the current spike protein-focused COVID-19 vaccine strategy due to neutralizing antibody escape and waning antibody-mediated immunity. In contrast, T cell-mediated immunity targeting conserved epitopes may offer broad and long-lasting protection. However, whether T cells alone can provide sufficient protection remains unclear. Here, we identified both Omicron BA.1-specific and ancestral (Wuhan)-conserved CD8 T cell epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and evaluated them as carrier-protein fusion vaccines in mouse models. Subcutaneous immunizations with two CD8 epitope peptides substantially lowered lung viral load and conferred protection against low-dose viral challenge, but not against high-dose challenge. Notably, intranasal boosting-with or without adjuvant-enhanced lung resident memory T cell responses and conferred potent, durable protection against high-dose infection. These findings emphasize the importance of mucosal vaccination to boost protective T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and support the potential of T cell-based vaccines targeting conserved epitopes for broad immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viral threats.
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