ArticleJournal of materials science. Materials in medicine2025
Biofunctionalization of 3D printed PEEK using integrated cathodic arc plasma coating: a one-step solution to antimicrobial and bioactive PEEK Implant.
Article in Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Three-Dimensional Printing of a Spinal Interbody: Design Principles, Biomaterials, and Translational Considerations.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study introduces a novel hybrid additive manufacturing (AM) approach that integrates a surface coating process directly into the AM workflow. By incorporating a vacuum arc plasma source into a Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) system, we combine the design freedom and scalability of 3D printing with the ability to biofunctionalize the printed polymer part in a single fabrication step. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is widely used in biomedical engineering due to its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and radiolucency. However, its bioinert nature poses challenges for infection prevention and bone integration. This study aims to evaluate the coatings produced by this integrated process on a PEEK substrate specifically in a biomedical context, focusing on their antimicrobial performance and cytocompatibility. The results show that zinc (Zn) is the most effective antimicrobial agent among the tested coatings (Ag₂O, Cu, and Zn), achieving a reduction in bacterial adhesion of over 4 log. Moreover, TiO₂/Zn composite coatings exhibit strong antimicrobial activity while maintaining good cytocompatibility with fibroblastic cells in vitro. Qualitative imaging also indicates improved osteoblast attachment on surfaces coated with TiO₂ and TiO₂/Zn. This hybrid manufacturing platform enables the production of implants with tailored structural and biological properties in a single step, representing a significant advancement in the development of next-generation medical implants.
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Registered trials
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