ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026
Mechanistic insights into the antidiarrheal action of phlorizin: modulation of TLR4/NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and HIF-1 signalling with antispasmodic and antimicrobial effects.
Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploration of the Potential Mechanisms of Anaphalis virgata Extract in Treating Diabetic Hepatic Injury Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Unfolding the Pharmacological Potentialities and Phytochemical Characterization of Pajanelia longifolia (Wild) Leaves: A Multidimensional Study via GC-MS/MS, In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Approaches.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Emerging targets and translational challenges in treating paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study comprehensively evaluated the antidiarrheal potential of phlorizin, a natural dihydrochalcone glycoside abundant in apple peels, using an integrated approach combining network pharmacology, molecular docking, density functional theory (DFT) analyses, antimicrobial assays, and ex vivo spasmolytic evaluations. Network pharmacology identified 52 overlapping targets between phlorizin and diarrhoea-associated genes, significantly enriched in TLR4/NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and HIF-1 signalling pathways, implicating roles in inflammation regulation, epithelial protection, and cellular metabolism. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of phlorizin with key target proteins including PIK3R1 (- 11.8 kcal/mol), SLC2A1/GLUT1 (- 10.3 kcal/mol), NF-κB1 (- 6.9 kcal/mol), TLR4 (- 6.6 kcal/mol), and NOS2 (- 6.4 kcal/mol)-stabilized by multiple hydrogen bonds and favourable MMGBSA energies (- 49.14 to - 69.65 kcal/mol). DFT analysis (B3LYP-GD3/6-311G(d,p)) demonstrated notable thermodynamic stability (ΔE < 4 kcal/mol between conformers), a dipole moment of 10.6 D, and significant charge localisation on hydroxyl oxygens (- 0.55 to - 0.76 e), supporting strong hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions within protein binding pockets. Antimicrobial evaluation showed dose-dependent inhibition of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with optical density (OD
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.