ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Cytokines in sepsis: a critical review of the literature on systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Potential targets of baicalein in macrophages revealed by bulk and single cell RNA sequencing analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Early Renal Perfusion Scintigraphy Is Associated with Mortality in Experimental Sepsis: A Multimodal Study Integrating Imaging, Survival, and Biomarker Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Global Proteomic Analysis Reveals Inflammatory Pathway Modulation Associated with miR-146a in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors in Sepsis Pathogenesis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Elevation of red blood cell distribution width to hematocrit ratio is associated with increased 28-day all-cause mortality in septic patients].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- Rosuvastatin Attenuates Pulmonary Damage in Rats with Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association between the blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Baseline Interleukin-6 in Sepsis: Mortality Risk Stratification and Survival Analysis in a Prospective Cohort.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- Special Issue: The Role of Cytokines in Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Deciphering defensive mechanisms inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in the role of specialized pro-resolving mediators in periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Crosstalk between innate immune signaling pathways and integrated TLR, NLRP3 inflammasome, cGAS-STING, and NF-κB networks in sepsis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Severity and 28-day in-hospital mortality of interleukin-6, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and APACHE II score in patients with sepsis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Antagonist Binding Actively Disrupts Interleukin-1 Receptor Dynamics to Block Co-receptor Recruitment.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Complement and inflammasome crosstalk in chronic inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A rabbit model of acute bacteremia and sepsis caused by vancomycin-resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Hemorheological and microcirculatory effects of Pentaglobin therapy in an experimental model of fulminant sepsis.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Inflammation-driven immune reprogramming in sepsis: from cytokine storm to immunoparalysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrated multi-omics deciphers sepsis immune dysregulation: a dual-pathway targeted small-molecule therapy improves survival and ameliorates multi-organ dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sepsis constitutes a profoundly heterogeneous and dynamic clinical syndrome, precipitated by a maladaptive host response to infection in which the immune system's regulatory balance is fundamentally disrupted. The intricate interplay between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, ordinarily responsible for maintaining immune homeostasis, becomes pathologically skewed. Within this altered immunological landscape, cytokines serve as pivotal mediators, orchestrating a cascade of cellular events that may culminate in a rapid transition from systemic hyperinflammation to a state of immune exhaustion or suppression. This review offers a critical synthesis of the current scientific literature on the immunopathogenesis of sepsis, with a particular emphasis on the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing cytokine regulation. Special attention is directed toward elucidating the contribution of these mediators to the onset and progression of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS), a central and often fatal complication of severe sepsis. Through an integrative examination of the principal immune signaling networks and pathophysiological processes involved in sepsis, this review provides a cohesive theoretical framework positioning immune dysregulation as the fundamental axis of clinical deterioration. Such an approach underscores the imperative for a deeper insight into the immunological architecture of sepsis, thereby laying the groundwork for the rational design of targeted, mechanism-based therapeutic strategies.
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