ArticleEXCLI journal2025
Antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects of pine needle extracts: evidence from behavioral, transcriptomic, and biochemical studies.
Article in EXCLI journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key characteristic associated with neurological disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. This study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects of pine needle (PN) extracts in an LPS-induced neuroinflammation mouse model. Following seven days of oral administration of PN, the tail suspension test demonstrated a significant reduction in immobility time in PN-treated mice compared to LPS controls, surpassing the effect of the standard antidepressant bupropion. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we conducted a whole-genome microarray analysis. This analysis highlighted pathways related to neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine regulation, with a notable enrichment in the Apelin signaling pathway. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that PN treatment increased the levels of Apelin and its receptor while decreasing proinflammatory cytokines
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