Observational studyJournal of gynecologic oncology2026
Exploring willingness to pay out-of-pocket for genetic testing among ovarian cancer patients in Malaysia, a middle-income country in Asia.
Observational study in Journal of gynecologic oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- BRCA Testing in Asian Patients with Ovarian Cancer: Standard Clinical Practice or Mutation Prediction Model?Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveOur previous study demonstrated that training oncologists to provide genetic counselling for ovarian cancer patients in Malaysia, an upper-middle-income Asian country, increased uptake of genetic testing to 80% when the test was free under research. However, in practice, genetic tests are unlikely to be provided for free in low-and-middle-income countries. In this study, we explored the willingness to pay (WTP) for genetic testing among ovarian cancer patients in Malaysia.
methodsIn this multi-center study, ovarian patients without prior genetic counselling were administered questionnaires on WTP (a contingent valuation exercise), facilitators and barriers to genetic counselling, and followed up for at least 6 months. We estimated the WTP value and explored factors associated with being willing to pay using logistic regression.
resultsOf 100 sequential patients recruited, 58% stated WTP for genetic testing at median of MYR1,000 (interquartile range=MYR1,125). Older participants were less likely to be willing to pay (odds ratio=0.95; 95% confidence interval=0.91-0.99). Reasons for being unwilling to pay included affordability (71%), belief that it should be paid by government or insurance (19%) and preference not to know their genetic status (14%). At the end of follow-up (mean 5±17 months), 17% took the test at full price.
conclusionIn this exploratory study, stated WTP for genetic testing was high but only at a reduced price. At follow-up, only a minority of patients paid the full price. A co-payment framework or subsidy scheme may be needed to reduce the significant cost barriers to genetic testing in Malaysia.
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