Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41267462›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2026

Full Crystallographic Imaging of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Monolayers with Phonon-Enhanced Sum-Frequency Microscopy.

Niclas S Mueller, Alexander P Fellows, Ben John, Andrew E Naclerio, Christian Carbogno, Katayoun Gharagozloo-Hubmann, Damián Baláž, Ryan A Kowalski, Hendrik H Heenen, Christoph Scheurer and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Niclas S MuellerDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-1974
Alexander P FellowsDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5885-8144
Ben JohnDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4804-1480
Andrew E NaclerioDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-1008
Christian CarbognoTheory Department, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0635-8364
Katayoun Gharagozloo-HubmannDepartment of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0802-9863
Damián BalážTheory Department, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8780-6991
Ryan A KowalskiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-5302
Hendrik H HeenenTheory Department, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-8445
Christoph ScheurerTheory Department, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7227-8672
Karsten ReuterTheory Department, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-8659
Joshua D CaldwellDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0374-2168
Martin WolfDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7226-9592
Piran R KidambiDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-5014
Martin ThämerDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9631-9280
Alexander PaarmannDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-2284

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 551280726Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 101135168National Science Foundation #1944134Office of Naval Research N0001-23-1-2567
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is an important 2D material for van der Waals heterostructures, single photon emitters, and infrared nanophotonics. The optical characterization of mono- and few-layer samples of hBN however, remains a challenge as the material is almost invisible optically. Here, phase-resolved sum-frequency microscopy is introduced as a technique for imaging monolayers of hBN grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and visualizing their crystal orientation. Femtosecond mid-infrared (IR) and visible laser pulses are used for sum-frequency generation (SFG), which is imaged in a wide-field optical microscope. The IR laser resonantly excites a phonon of hBN that leads to an ≈800-fold enhancement of the SFG intensity, making it possible to image large 100 × 100 µm

Indexed as

chemical vapor depositionheterodynehexagonal boron nitridemid‐infrarednonlinear microscopyphononsum‐frequency generation

Identifiers

PMID41267462
PMCPMC12862746

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.