ArticleBMC nephrology2025
Total bilirubin as a mortality predictor in non-elderly hemodialysis patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe association between serum total bilirubin (TBIL) levels and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, especially when stratified by age, has not been clearly established.
methodsWe performed a multicenter retrospective analysis of 409 MHD patients (40 deaths, 9.8%) over a median follow-up of 31.3 months (interquartile range (IQR), 28.9-31.8). Cox regression models evaluated TBIL's predictive role for mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve-derived cutoff (8.79 µmol/L) stratified patients into high (H, TBIL > 8.79 µmol/L, n = 236) and low (L, TBIL ≤ 8.79 µmol/L, n = 173) groups. Multivariable Cox models adjusted for demographics, comorbidities (Model 2), and laboratory markers (Model 3). Additionally, to mitigate overfitting and assess the linear relationship, a LASSO-penalized Cox model was employed, treating TBIL as a continuous variable. Kaplan-Meier analysis compared survival rates, with age subgroup comparisons.
resultsSignificant differences emerged between H and L groups in hypertension history, platelet count, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (all P < 0.05). Adjusted models revealed elevated mortality risk in high TBIL patients (HR = 6.92, 95%CI 3.10-15.43, P < 0.001). Consistently, in the continuous analysis, each 1 µmol/L increase in TBIL was associated with a 26% increased mortality risk (HR = 1.26, 95%CI 1.16-1.38, P < 0.001). Age-stratified analysis revealed substantially increased mortality risk in non-elderly high-TBIL patients (HR = 12.82, 95%CI 3.76-43.76, P < 0.001), but no significant association in elderly patients (HR = 2.00, 95%CI 0.83-4.81, P = 0.12).
conclusionTBIL independently predicts all-cause mortality in MHD patients, with exploratory evidence suggesting potentially stronger association in non-elderly patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.