ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025
A smartphone-based blink training application for alleviating dry eye signs and symptoms.
Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Yoga as a cost-effective adjunct therapy for dry eye: clinical outcomes from a 12-week randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Trial
- The Role of Behavioral and Psychological Interventions in Chronic Ocular Pain.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Redefining Dry Eye Disease Management: Emerging Pharmacologic and Device-Based Therapies in the Era of Precision Care: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Interventions for digital eye strain in adolescents: a structured review with supporting evidence from young adult populations.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is exacerbated by prolonged screen use, partly due to reduced blink frequency and a higher percentage of incomplete blinks (IB). In this prospective, randomized study, we assessed whether a smartphone‑based blink‑training application alleviates the signs and symptoms of DED. Forty participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group that used the application or a control group without intervention, and they were followed for 30 days. Primary outcomes were Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, blink rate (BR), percentage of IB, Ocular Protection Index (OPI), and tear‑film stability. After 30 days, the intervention group showed significant improvements in blink behavior and ocular surface parameters, whereas the control group showed no meaningful changes. Generalized estimating equations indicated that training duration, OPI, BR, and sex were independently associated with changes in the OSDI scores. These findings suggested that a simple, app‑based behavioral intervention yields measurable benefits for DED management and provided a scalable, cost‑effective strategy for ocular health preservation in digital environments.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.